1. As the curtains close and the audience _______ their applause, the performers take a bow, proud of their successful performance.
Which choice completes the text in adherence to Standard English rules?

2. Before attending the conference on renewable energy solutions, Vincent ________ two dozen scholarly articles, which helped him gain a better understanding of the topic.
Which choice best completes the text according to the rules of Standard English?

3. Before class started, several students _______ in earnest conversation, reviewing the main points of the previous lecture.
Which choice best completes the text in accordance with the rules of Standard English?

4. Despite the new regulations, the factory _______ harmful pollutants into the environment, causing alarm among local residents.
Which choice completes the text while adhering to the rules of Standard English?

5. During his expedition, the intrepid naturalist _________ various plant and animal species, many of which were previously unknown to science.
Which choice completes the text according to the conventions of Standard English?